Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Spirituality Research in Health Sciences 3041-8569 3 1 2025 09 15 The relationship between personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) and organizational citizenship behavior: the mediating role of spiritual intelligence and cognitive flexibility among employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 75 93 10.34172/srhs.2025.007 EN Mehdi Parvinzadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0005-0001-0054 Ali Asgharzadeh https://orcid.org/0001-0000-0000-5474 Jalil Babapour https://orcid.org/0000-0001-0021-5474 Mostafa Zarean https://orcid.org/0004-0214-0000-1456 Setareh Tajdar https://orcid.org/0000-2457-0000-0001 Journal Article 10.34172/srhs.2025.007 2026 05 09 2026 05 09 Background. Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) refers to discretionary and extra-role behaviors that contribute to organizational effectiveness, particularly in healthcare settings. Personality traits are among the individual factors influencing such behaviors. Moreover, spiritual intelligence and cognitive flexibility, as positive psychological resources, may mediate the relationship between personality traits and OCB. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) and organizational citizenship behavior, considering the mediating roles of spiritual intelligence and cognitive flexibility among employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods. This descriptive–correlational study was conducted on 370 employees of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences selected through cluster sampling. Data were collected using King’s Spiritual Intelligence Questionnaire, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Organ and Konovsky’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire, and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory developed by Dennis and Vander Wal. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and relevant statistical analyses. Results. The findings indicated significant relationships between personality traits and organizational citizenship behavior. Conscientiousness and extraversion were positively and significantly correlated with both OCB and cognitive flexibility. Extraversion emerged as a significant predictor of OCB through the mediating role of cognitive flexibility. Although the correlation between neuroticism and OCB was not significant, neuroticism showed a significant negative relationship with cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, spiritual intelligence was positively and significantly associated with both organizational citizenship behavior and cognitive flexibility. Conclusion. The results suggest that personality traits—particularly extraversion and conscientiousness—play an important role in enhancing organizational citizenship behavior through the enhancement of spiritual intelligence and cognitive flexibility. Incorporating these psychological factors into human resource development programs in medical universities may improve organizational performance and service quality.